Chloroacetic Acid 氯乙酸
CAS 79-11-8 MFCD00002683
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分类
- {SNA} ACS Grade, Chemical Synthesis, Essential Chemicals, Inorganic Salts, Solutions and Reagents, Organic Acids, Research Essentials, Synthetic Reagents
- {SA} Chemical Synthesis, Organic Acids, Synthetic Reagents
- {uni_hamburg} no charge; carboxylic acid; 1fragment
- Aliphatic halogenated, Alpha Sort, Alphabetic, Analytical Standards, Analytical/Chromatography, C, CH, Chromatography, Environmental Standards, Herbicides, Pesticides & Metabolites, Volatiles/ Semivolatiles
- {Chemicalbook} 农药中间体: 杀虫剂中间体: 有机磷类杀虫剂
相关文献及参考
- Merck 14 ,2112
- Beil. 2 ,IV,474
- Aldrich MSDS 1 , 365:D / Corp MSDS 1 (1), 726:C / FT-IR 2 (1), 789:C / FT-IR 1 (1), 508:A / FT-NMR 1 (1), 790:B / IR-Spectra (3), 298:B / NMR-Reference 2 (1), 444:D / RegBook 1 (1), 555:A / Sax 6 , 676 / Sigma FT-IR 1 (1), 1378:A / Structure Index 1 , 78:D:8 / Vapor Phase 3 , 591:B
- Short: II/14a Title: Molecular Constants: Diamagnetic Molecules Author: Demaison, J.; Dubrulle, A.; Hüttner, W.; Tiemann, E. Editor: Hellwege, K.-H.; Hellwege, A.M. Source: Landolt-Börnstein, New Series Volume: II/14a Page: 1-788 Year: 1982 Keyword: organic compounds; molecular constants; spectroscopy; microwave spectroscopy ISBN: 3-540-11365-7 ISBN: 978-3-540-11365-2 Internet Resource: DOI:10.1007/b19966 RefComment: 196 figs., XI
- Short: II/25B Title: Structure Data Of Free Polyatomic Molecules: Molecules containing One or Two Carbon Atoms Author: Graner, G.; Hirota, E.; Iijima, T.; Kuchitsu, K.; Ramsay, D.A.; Vogt, J.; Vogt, N. Editor: Kuchitsu, K. Source: Landolt-Börnstein, New Series Volume: II/25B Year: 1999 Keyword: Free Polyatomic Molecules; Carbon Atoms; Molecules ISBN: 3-540-63645-5 ISBN: 978-3-540-63645-8 Internet Resource: DOI:10.1007/b68834 RefComment: IX, 512 pages. Hardcover Abstract: Volume II/25 is a supplemented and revised edition of the preceding volumes II/7, II/15, II/21 and II/23 contain
- A convenient one-pot alternative to the Knoevenagel or Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions for the synthesis of ɑ-unsubstituted cinnamic acids involves the reaction of chloroacetic acid with dimethyl phosphite in the presence of sodium methoxide, and treatment of the resulting phosphonoacetate salt with a benzaldehyde: J. Org. Chem., 46, 2514 (1981):
- For a more general version of this reaction, applicable to the synthesis of a variety of substituted acrylic acids, see 2-Bromopropionic acid, A17569.
安全信息
- H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage 导致严重的皮肤灼伤和眼睛损伤
- H400 Verytoxictoaquaticlife 对水生生物毒性非常大。
- H331 Toxic if inhaled 吸入中毒
- H311 Toxic in contact with skin 皮肤接触中毒
- H301 Toxic if swallowed 吞食有毒
GHS Symbol
- P234 Keep only in original container. 只保留在原来的容器中。
- P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
- P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 避免吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
- P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. 使用本产品时不要吃东西,喝水或吸烟。
- P273 Avoid release to the environment. 避免释放到环境中。
- P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 戴防护手套/防护服/眼睛的保护物/面部保护物。
- P301+P310
- P301+P330+P331
- P305+P351+P338
- P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 立即呼救解毒中心或医生/医师。
- P405 Store locked up. 上锁保管。
- P501 Dispose of contents/container to..… 处理内容物/容器.....
- S23 Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer) 不要吸入气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾;
- S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 眼睛接触后,立即用大量水冲洗并征求医生意见;
- S36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和眼睛/面保护;
- S37 Wear suitable gloves 戴适当手套;
- S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible) 发生事故时或感觉不适时,立即求医(可能时出示标签);
- S61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet 避免释放到环境中,参考特别指示/安全收据说明书;
- S63
- R23/24/25 Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 吸入,皮肤接触及吞食都有毒
- R34 Causes burns 会导致灼伤
- R50 Very toxic to aquatic organisms 对水生生物极毒
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 1300 mg/kg/65W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application REFERENCE : JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 53,695,1974
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Liver - tumors REFERENCE : NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: PB223-159
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 16600 ug/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : RPTOAN Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology (English Translation). Translation of FATOAO. (Euromed Pub., 33, Woodlands Rd., Surbiton, Surrey, UK) V.30- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,113,1978
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 55 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher
TYPE OF TEST : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Inhalation SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 180 mg/m3 TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 18(9),32,1974
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Subcutaneous SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 5 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,303,1972
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte DOSE/DURATION : 400 mg/L REFERENCE : ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,143,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte DOSE/DURATION : 548 mg/L REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 97,49,1982
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - hamster Ovary DOSE/DURATION : 160 mg/L REFERENCE : EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(Suppl 10),1,1987
其他信息
- 蒸气压:0.75 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
- Acros Organics:氯乙酸 Chloroacetic acid, 99+%(79-11-8)
- 上游原料:盐酸 --> 乙酸 --> 氯 --> 硫磺 --> 2-氯乙醇 --> 三氯乙烯 --> 二氯化二硫 --> 三氯乙酸 --> 乙醇酸 --> 二氯乙酸 --> 1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷 --> 二氯乙酸甲酯
- MOL 文件:79-11-8.mol
- Sigma Aldrich:79-11-8(sigmaaldrich)
- 方法二:工业生产氯乙酸有三种主要方法。(1)乙酸氯化法是在碘、磷、硫或磷和硫的卤化物等催化剂存在下,用氯气将乙酸直接氯化而得。除生成氯乙酸外,还有深度氯化的副产物如二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸。此法原料消耗较低,工艺简单,氯乙酸产率可达92%。(2)三氯乙烯水合法是以93%的硫酸为催化剂,反应温度约160-180℃。此法可得高纯度的氯乙酸,产率可达90%,但副产盐酸较多。(3)氯乙醇氧化法是在60℃用60%的硝酸氧化,氯乙酸收率超过90%。在北美洲以乙酸氯化法为主,西欧以三氯乙烯水合法为主。我国采用乙酸氯化法生产:将定量的冰醋酸加入反应锅,以冰醋酸重量的3.5%硫黄粉作催化剂,预热至90℃以上,开始通入适量的氯气,两只反应锅串联通氯,主锅控制温度为98±2℃,副锅为85-90℃,通氯速度约70kg/h,待反应锅内物料的相对密度为1.350(80℃)时,即反应到达终点。将反应物抽至酸罐,冷却结晶,液相为少量乙酸、二氯乙酸、氯化硫和少量氯乙酸,分离出结晶体,再在38℃以下把母液抽尽即为成品。每吨产品约产生150公斤母液,可进一步氯化制成二氯乙酸、二氯乙酸甲酯及氯仿。三氯乙烯水合法同时进行水的加成和水解:反应温度160-180℃,反应中硫酸浓度应保持在93%,控制三氯乙烯和水的比例。硫酸消耗不超过50kg,副产30%的盐酸2.57t。工业品氯乙酸为无色或略带淡黄色结晶体。原料消耗定额:冰醋酸(98%)730kg/t、氯气860kg/t、硫磺26kg/t。
- 用途四:用于广泛的有机合成原料。染料工业用于生产靛蓝、萘氨基乙酸类染料;在制药工业用于合成咖啡因、巴比妥、肾上腺素、维生素B6、氨基乙酸、丙二酸酯等药物和中间体;在农药工业用于生产除草剂2,4-D、丁酯、2,4,5-T、硫氰乙酸、α-萘乙酸、草甘磷、甲草胺、乙草胺、丁草胺及杀虫剂乐果等20多种农药;在合成纤维工业用于生产羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和有色金属浮选剂Z-200#,还可用作色层分析试剂等,也可用于食品添加剂、洗涤剂、冷烫精等产品。详见本条附表氯乙酸系列产品。
- 类别:腐蚀物品
- 用途三:氯乙酸是一种有机化工原料,在农药生产上广泛应用,可用于合成有机磷杀虫剂乐果、氧乐
- 储运特性:库房通风低温干燥; 与氧化剂、碱类分开
- F:3
- 海关编码:29154000
- 毒性分级:高毒
- 可燃性危险特性:遇热, 明火燃烧; 受热分解产生有毒光气; 有腐蚀性
- 用途三:氯乙酸是一种有机化工原料,在农药生产上广泛应用,可用于合成有机磷杀虫剂乐果、氧乐果的中间体氯乙酸甲酯,喹硫磷的中间体2-羟基喹啉,除草
- 方法一:氯乙酸的合成方法较多,有乙酸氯化法、乙酐催化氯化法、三氯乙烯水解法、羟基乙酸氯化法、四氯乙烷水解等,国内工业生产上主要采用乙酸氯化法,该法的优点是不使用硫酸,且原料价格便宜,CH 3 COOH+Cl 2 →ClCH 2 COOH+HCl 将定量冰醋酸加入反应锅,以冰醋酸质量的3.5%硫磺粉作催化剂,预热至90℃以上,开始通入适量的氯气,两只反应锅串联通氯气,主锅控制温度为(98±2)℃,副锅为85~90℃,通氯气速度约70kg/h。待反应锅内物料相对密度为1.350(80℃)时,即到达反应终点。将反应物抽至酸罐,冷却结晶,分离出结晶体,再在38℃以下把母液抽尽,即得到成品氯乙酸。此外,也有实验表明,除硫磺粉外,乙酐也可在相同条件下对上述氯化反应起到较好的催化作用,且效果优于硫磺粉。 还有三氯乙烯水合法。三氯乙烯与浓硫酸反应,反应温度160~180℃,保持硫酸含量为93%,控制三氯乙烯和水的比例,反应历程经硫酸加成、水解而得到一氯乙酸。